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2010 Annual Science Report

Pennsylvania State University Reporting  |  SEP 2009 – AUG 2010

Executive Summary

The Penn State Astrobiology Research Center (PSARC) is pursuing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary investigation of biosignatures at all scales, from individual cells to the composition of planetary atmospheres. Our projects are aimed at developing novel approaches to detecting and characterizing life, investigating biosignatures in mission-relevant microbial ecosystems and ancient rocks, and evaluating the potential for biosignatures in extraterrestrial settings. This past year saw exciting progress on many of our research directions, as well as the creation of new collaborations. For example, we established a formal collaborative program between PSARC and the Centro de Astrobiologia in Spain. The goal of the research collaboration is to increase our understanding of the origins, evolution, and distribution of life on Earth and other planets of the Solar system. Our education and public outreach efforts included the continuation of undergraduate and graduate programs for students in Astrobiology, education workshops for ... Continue reading.

Field Sites
36 Institutions
4 Project Reports
92 Publications
12 Field Sites
Roadmap
Objectives

Project Reports

  • Biosignatures in Relevant Microbial Ecosystems

    In this project, PSARC team members explore the isotope ratios, gene sequences, minerals, organic molecules, and other signatures of life in modern environments that have important similarities with early earth conditions, or with life that may be present elsewhere in the solar system and beyond. Many of these environments are “extreme” by human standards and/or have conditions that are at the limit for microbial life on Earth.

    ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 4.1 4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 7.1 7.2
  • Developing New Biosignatures

    The development and experimental testing of potential indicators of life is essential for providing a critical scientific basis for the exploration of life in the cosmos. In microbial cultures, potential new biosignatures can be found among isotopic ratios, elemental compositions, and chemical changes to the growth media. Additionally, life can be detected and investigated in natural systems by directing cutting-edge instrumentation towards the investigation of microbial cells, microbial fossils, and microbial geochemical products. Our efforts are focused on creating innovative approaches for the analyses of cells and other organic material, finding ways in which metal abundances and isotope systems reflect life, and developing creative approaches for using environmental DNA to study present and past life.

    ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 4.1 5.2 5.3 7.1 7.2
  • Biosignatures in Ancient Rocks

    This team of geologists, geochemists, paleontologists and biologists seeks signs of early life in ancient rocks from Earth. Working mostly on that part of Earth history before the advent of skeletons and other preservable hard parts in organisms, our group focuses on geochemical traces of life and their activities. We also investigate how life has influenced, and has been influenced by changes in the surface environment, including the establishment of an oxygen-rich environment and the initiation of extreme climate states including global glaciations. For this we use a combination of observations from modern analogous environments, studies of ancient rocks, and numerical modeling.

    ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2
  • Biosignatures in Extraterrestrial Settings

    The team will investigate the abundance of sulfur gases and elucidate how these gases can be expected to evolve with time on young terrestrial planets. They will continue studies of planet formation in the presence of migration and model radial transport of volatiles in young planetary systems, and will be involved with searches for M star planetary companions and planets around K-giant stars.

    ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 4.1 4.3 6.2 7.1

Education & Public Outreach

Publications

  • MOCZYDŁOWSKA, M., Schopf, J. W., & Willman, S. (2009). Micro- and nano-scale ultrastructure of cell walls in Cryogenian microfossils: revealing their biological affinity. Lethaia, 43(2), 129–136. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00175.x

  • Bailey, J. V., Orphan, V. J., Joye, S. B., & Corsetti, F. A. (2009). Chemotrophic Microbial Mats and Their Potential for Preservation in the Rock Record. Astrobiology, 9(9), 843–859. doi:10.1089/ast.2008.0314

  • Bailey, J. V., Raub, T. D., Meckler, A. N., Harrison, B. K., Raub, T. M. D., Green, A. M., & Orphan, V. J. (2010). Pseudofossils in relict methane seep carbonates resemble endemic microbial consortia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 285(1-2), 131–142. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.002

  • Barnett, R., Shapiro, B., Barnes, I., Ho, S. Y. W., Burger, J., Yamaguchi, N., … Cooper, A. (2009). Phylogeography of lions ( Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity. Molecular Ecology, 18(8), 1668–1677. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294×.2009.04134.x

  • Bunce, M., Worthy, T. H., Phillips, M. J., Holdaway, R. N., Willerslev, E., Haile, J., … Cooper, A. (2009). The evolutionary history of the extinct ratite moa and New Zealand Neogene paleogeography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(49), 20646–20651. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906660106

  • Campos, P. F., Willerslev, E., Sher, A., Orlando, L., Axelsson, E., Tikhonov, A., … Gilbert, M. T. P. (2010). Ancient DNA analyses exclude humans as the driving force behind late Pleistocene musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(12), 5675–5680. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907189107

  • Collins, M. J., Penkman, K. E. H., Rohland, N., Shapiro, B., Dobberstein, R. C., Ritz-Timme, S., & Hofreiter, M. (2009). Is amino acid racemization a useful tool for screening for ancient DNA in bone?. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276(1669), 2971–2977. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0563

  • Czaja, A. D., Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., Eigenbrode, J. L., Freeman, K. H., & Yamaguchi, K. E. (2010). Iron and carbon isotope evidence for ecosystem and environmental diversity in the ∼2.7 to 2.5Ga Hamersley Province, Western Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 292(1-2), 170–180. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.032

  • Dekas, A. E., & Orphan, V. J. (2011). Identification of Diazotrophic Microorganisms in Marine Sediment via Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Coupled to Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (FISH-NanoSIMS). Methods in Enzymology, None, 281–305. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381294-0.00012-2

  • Diefendorf, A. F., Mueller, K. E., Wing, S. L., Koch, P. L., & Freeman, K. H. (2010). Global patterns in leaf 13C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(13), 5738–5743. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910513107

  • Ferry, J. G. (2010). CO in methanogenesis. Annals of Microbiology, 60(1), 1–12. doi:10.1007/s13213-009-0008-5

  • Ferry, J. G. (2010). How to Make a Living by Exhaling Methane. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 64(1), 453–473. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134051

  • Ferry, J. G. (2010). The chemical biology of methanogenesis. Planetary and Space Science, 58(14-15), 1775–1783. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.08.014

  • Firth, C., Kitchen, A., Shapiro, B., Suchard, M. A., Holmes, E. C., & Rambaut, A. (2010). Using Time-Structured Data to Estimate Evolutionary Rates of Double-Stranded DNA Viruses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27(9), 2038–2051. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq088

  • Hausrath, E. M., Neaman, A., & Brantley, S. L. (2009). Elemental release rates from dissolving basalt and granite with and without organic ligands. American Journal of Science, 309(8), 633–660. doi:10.2475/08.2009.01

  • Ho, S. Y. W., Lanfear, R., Phillips, M. J., Barnes, I., Thomas, J. A., Kolokotronis, S-O., & Shapiro, B. (2011). Bayesian Estimation of Substitution Rates from Ancient DNA Sequences with Low Information Content. Systematic Biology, 60(3), 366–375. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syq099

  • Jiang, S., Bralower, T. J., Patzkowsky, M. E., Kump, L. R., & Schueth, J. D. (2010). Geographic controls on nannoplankton extinction across the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary. Nature Geosci, 3(4), 280–285. doi:10.1038/ngeo775

  • Jones, D. S., Tobler, D. J., Schaperdoth, I., Mainiero, M., & MacAlady, J. L. (2010). Community Structure of Subsurface Biofilms in the Thermal Sulfidic Caves of Acquasanta Terme, Italy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(17), 5902–5910. doi:10.1128/aem.00647-10

  • Kasting, J. F. (2010). Early Earth: Faint young Sun redux. Nature, 464(7289), 687–689. doi:10.1038/464687a

  • Kuhn, T. S., McFarlane, K. A., Groves, P., Mooers, A. Ø., & Shapiro, B. (2010). Modern and ancient DNA reveal recent partial replacement of caribou in the southwest Yukon. Molecular Ecology, 19(7), 1312–1323. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294×.2010.04565.x

  • Kump, L., Bralower, T., & Ridgwell, A. (2009). Ocean Acidification in Deep Time. Oceanography, 22(4), 94–107. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2009.100

  • Lal, D., Schopf, J. W., Abbott, P. L., Vacher, L., Jull, A. J. T., & McHargue, L. (2010). Nuclear, chemical and biological characterization of formation histories of ironstones from several sites in Southern California: Dominant role of bacterial activity. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 296(3-4), 227–234. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.002

  • Loveland-Curtze, J., Miteva, V. I., & Brenchley, J. E. (2011). Evaluation of a new fluorimetric DNA–DNA hybridization method. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 57(3), 250–255. doi:10.1139/w10-121

  • Loveland-Curtze, J., Miteva, V., & Brenchley, J. (2009). Novel ultramicrobacterial isolates from a deep Greenland ice core represent a proposed new species, Chryseobacterium greenlandense sp. nov.. Extremophiles, 14(1), 61–69. doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0287-6

  • Luo, G., Kump, L. R., Wang, Y., Tong, J., Arthur, M. A., Yang, H., … Xie, S. (2010). Isotopic evidence for an anomalously low oceanic sulfate concentration following end-Permian mass extinction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 300(1-2), 101–111. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.041

  • Margesin, R., & Miteva, V. (2011). Diversity and ecology of psychrophilic microorganisms. Research in Microbiology, 162(3), 346–361. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2010.12.004

  • McInerney, F. A., Helliker, B. R., & Freeman, K. H. (2011). Hydrogen isotope ratios of leaf wax n-alkanes in grasses are insensitive to transpiration. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(2), 541–554. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.022

  • Mueller, K. E., Diefendorf, A. F., Freeman, K. H., & Eissenstat, D. M. (2010). Appraising the roles of nutrient availability, global change, and functional traits during the angiosperm rise to dominance. Ecology Letters, 13(5), E1–E6. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01455.x

  • Otake, T., Wesolowski, D. J., Anovitz, L. M., Allard, L. F., & Ohmoto, H. (2010). Mechanisms of iron oxide transformations in hydrothermal systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(21), 6141–6156. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.024

  • Polissar, P. J., & Freeman, K. H. (2010). Effects of aridity and vegetation on plant-wax δD in modern lake sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(20), 5785–5797. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.018

  • Polissar, P. J., Freeman, K. H., Rowley, D. B., McInerney, F. A., & Currie, B. S. (2009). Paleoaltimetry of the Tibetan Plateau from D/H ratios of lipid biomarkers. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 287(1-2), 64–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.037

  • Polissar, P. J., Fulton, J. M., Junium, C. K., Turich, C. C., & Freeman, K. H. (2009). Measurement of 13 C and 15 N Isotopic Composition on Nanomolar Quantities of C and N. Anal. Chem., 81(2), 755–763. doi:10.1021/ac801370c

  • Rambaut, A., Ho, S. Y. W., Drummond, A. J., & Shapiro, B. (2008). Accommodating the Effect of Ancient DNA Damage on Inferences of Demographic Histories. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 26(2), 245–248. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn256

  • Rhodes, M. E., Fitz-Gibbon, S. T., Oren, A., & House, C. H. (2010). Amino acid signatures of salinity on an environmental scale with a focus on the Dead Sea. Environmental Microbiology, 12(9), 2613–2623. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02232.x

  • Rijsdijk, K. F., Hume, J. P., Bunnik, F., Florens, F. B. V., Baider, C., Shapiro, B., … Gittenberger, E. (2009). Mid-Holocene vertebrate bone Concentration-Lagerstätte on oceanic island Mauritius provides a window into the ecosystem of the dodo (Raphus cucullatus). Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(1-2), 14–24. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.018

  • Saltzman, M. R., Young, S. A., Kump, L. R., Gill, B. C., Lyons, T. W., & Runnegar, B. (2011). Pulse of atmospheric oxygen during the late Cambrian. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(10), 3876–3881. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011836108

  • Schopf, J. W., & Kudryavtsev, A. B. (2010). A renaissance in studies of ancient life. Geology Today, 26(4), 140–145. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2010.00760.x

  • Schopf, J. W., Kudryavtsev, A. B., & Sergeev, V. N. (2010). Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Raman Imagery of the Late Neoproterozoic Chichkan Microbiota of South Kazakhstan. Journal of Paleontology, 84(3), 402–416. doi:10.1666/09-134.1

  • Schopf, J. W., Kudryavtsev, A. B., Sugitani, K., & Walter, M. R. (2010). Precambrian microbe-like pseudofossils: A promising solution to the problem. Precambrian Research, 179(1-4), 191–205. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2010.03.003

  • Schouten, S., Hopmans, E. C., Van Der Meer, J., Mets, A., Bard, E., Bianchi, T. S., … Sinninghe Damsté, J. S. (2009). An interlaboratory study of TEX 86 and BIT analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10(3), n/a–n/a. doi:10.1029/2008gc002221

  • Segura, A., Walkowicz, L. M., Meadows, V., Kasting, J., & Hawley, S. (2010). The Effect of a Strong Stellar Flare on the Atmospheric Chemistry of an Earth-like Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf. Astrobiology, 10(7), 751–771. doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0376

  • Sergeev, V. N., & William Schopf, J. (2010). Taxonomy, Paleoecology and Biostratigraphy of the Late Neoproterozoic Chichkan Microbiota of South Kazakhstan: The Marine Biosphere on the Eve of Metazoan Radiation. Journal of Paleontology, 84(3), 363–401. doi:10.1666/09-133.1

  • Taylor, P. D., Vinn, O., Kudryavtsev, A., & William Schopf, J. (2010). Raman spectroscopic study of the mineral composition of cirratulid tubes (Annelida, Polychaeta). Journal of Structural Biology, 171(3), 402–405. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.05.010

  • Thomas, B., Freeman, K. H., & Arthur, M. A. (2009). Intramolecular carbon isotopic analysis of acetic acid by direct injection of aqueous solution. Organic Geochemistry, 40(2), 195–200. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.10.011

  • Tian, F., Claire, M. W., Haqq-Misra, J. D., Smith, M., Crisp, D. C., Catling, D., … Kasting, J. F. (2010). Photochemical and climate consequences of sulfur outgassing on early Mars. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 295(3-4), 412–418. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.016

  • Weinstock, J., Shapiro, B., Prieto, A., Marín, J. C., González, B. A., Gilbert, M. T. P., & Willerslev, E. (2009). The Late Pleistocene distribution of vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) and the “extinction” of the gracile llama (“Lama gracilis”): New molecular data. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(15-16), 1369–1373. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.03.008

  • William Schopf, J. (2010). The paleobiological record of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis Research, 107(1), 87–101. doi:10.1007/s11120-010-9577-1

  • Young, S. A., Saltzman, M. R., Foland, K. A., Linder, J. S., & Kump, L. R. (2009). A major drop in seawater 87Sr/86Sr during the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian): Links to volcanism and climate?. Geology, 37(10), 951–954. doi:10.1130/g30152a.1

  • Zazula, G. D., MacKay, G., Andrews, T. D., Shapiro, B., Letts, B., & Brock, F. (2009). A late Pleistocene steppe bison (Bison priscus) partial carcass from Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories, Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(25-26), 2734–2742. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.012

  • Zerkle, A. L., Kamyshny, A., Kump, L. R., Farquhar, J., Oduro, H., & Arthur, M. A. (2010). Sulfur cycling in a stratified euxinic lake with moderately high sulfate: Constraints from quadruple S isotopes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(17), 4953–4970. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.015

  • Zugger, M. E., Kasting, J. F., Williams, D. M., Kane, T. J., & Philbrick, C. R. (2010). LIGHT SCATTERING FROM EXOPLANET OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERES. The Astrophysical Journal, 723(2), 1168–1179. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/723/2/1168

  • Boney, E., Lyons, J.R. & Marcus, R.A.  (2010).  Self-shielding of the E(1)-X(0) band of CO in a hot solar nebula.  LPSC.  The Woodlands, TX.
  • Gill, B., Lyons, T., Young, S., Kump, L., Knoll, A. & Saltzman, M.R.  (2010, In Press).  Did deep ocean anoxia stifle early 1 animal evolution during the later Cambrian?  Nature.
  • Güdel, M. & Kasting, J.F.  (In Press).  The young Sun and its influence on planetary atmospheres.  In: Gargaud, M., Lopez-Garcia, P. & Martin, H. (Eds.).  Origin of Life: an Astrobiology Perspective.  Cambridge Univ. Press.
  • Haqq-Misra, J.  (2010).  A Meteorological Condition for Atmospheric Stability on Synchronously Rotating Planets. Revisiting the Habitable Zone.  Talaris Conference Center.  Seattle, WA.
  • Haqq-Misra, J.  (2010).  Astrobiology, Sustainability, and Outreach.  Astrobiology Science Conference 2010.  South Shore Harbour Resort and Conference Center, League City, TX.
  • Haqq-Misra, J., Lee, S. & Frierson, D.  (2009).  Eddy-driven Responses of the Hadley Cell and Tropopause.  American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.  Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco, CA.
  • Hoashi, M., Watanabe, Y. & Ohmoto, H.  (2009).  Primary hematite formation in an oxygenated deep sea 3.46 billion years ago. 19th Goldschmidt conference, Davos, Switzerland.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(13S): A536.
  • Johnson, C.M., Yamaguchi, K.E., Poulson, S.R., Ohmoto, H. & Beard, B.L.  (2009).  Fe, S, and C isotopes record great microbial diversity in the Neoarchean. 19th Goldschmidt conference, Davos, Switzerland.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(13S): A600.
  • Johnson, I., Watanabe, Y., Stewart, B. & And Ohmoto, H.  (2010).  Evidence for terrestrial life and an O2-rich atmosphere in the oldest (~3.4 Ga) paleosol in the east Pilbara craton, Western Australia.  6th Astrobiology Sci. Conference.  League City, TX.
  • Johnson, I., Watanabe, Y., Stewart, B. & Ohmoto, H.  (2009).  Earth’s oldest (~3.4 Ga) lateritic paleosol in the Pilbara craton, Western Australia. 19th Goldschmidt conference, Davos, Switzerland.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(13S): A601.
  • Jones, D.S.  (2010).  Metagenomic, phylogenetic, and culture-based analysis of subsurface extremophile microbial communities.  ISME J, in review.
  • Kasting, J. & Haqq-Misra, J.  (2009).  Gaia Through Time: The Coevolution of Life and Climate.  American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.  Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco, CA.
  • Kasting, J.F.  (2010).  Early Mars was warm.  Astrobiology Science Conf.  Houston.
  • Kasting, J.F.  (2010).  How to Find a Habitable Planet.  In: Press, P.U. (Eds.).
  • Kasting, J.F.  (2010).  Stellar radiative effects on habitable zones.  Workshop on Redefining the Habitable Zone.  Seattle, WA.
  • Kasting, J.F.  (In Press).  How to find a habitable planet.  In: Ribas, I. (Eds.).  Pathways Towards Habitable Planets.
  • Kasting, J.F.  (In Press).  The global O2 cycle, in Fundamentals of Geobiology, K. Konhauser, A. Knoll, and D. Canfield.  In: Blackwell (Eds.).
  • Lyons, J.R.  (2010).  CO self-shielding yields oxygen with a δ17O/δ18O ratio of unity.  Meteoritical Society meeting.  New York City, NY.
  • Lyons, J.R.  (2010).  N2 self-shielding in the solar nebula: An update.  Meteoritical Society meeting.  New York City, NY.
  • Lyons, J.R., Stark, G. & Heays, A.N.  (2010).  Assessment of CO photodissociation experiments by model simulations and spectroscopic measurements.  LPSC.  The Woodlands, TX.
  • Mahadevan, S., Ramsey, L., Wright, J., Endl, M., Redman, S., Bender, C., Roy, A., Zonak, S., Troupe, N., Engel, L., Sigurdsson, S., Wolszczan, A. & Zhao, B.  (2010).  The habitable zone planet finder: a proposed high-resolution NIR spectrograph for the Hobby Eberly Telescope to discover low-mass exoplanets.  SPIE.
  • Meyer, K.M., Kump, L.R., MacAlady, J., Schaperdoth, I. & Freeman, K.  (In Review).  Benthic production of a putative planktonic biomarker.  Geobiology.
  • Narbonne, G.M., Schopf, J.W. & Walter, M.R.  (2010).  Hans J. Hofmann (1936-2010).  Geolog, 39(2): 13-14.
  • Nasdala, L., Beyssac, O., Schopf, J.W. & Bleisteiner, B.  (2010, In Press).  Application of Raman-based images in the Earth sciences.  In: Zoubir, A. (Eds.).  Raman Imaging.  Amsterdam: Springer.
  • Ohmoto, H.  (2009).  Redox evolution of volcanic gas through geologic time. 19th Goldschmidt Conference, Davos, Switzerland.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(13S): A965.
  • Ohmoto, H.  (2010, In Press).  Dioxygen.  In: Henderson, J.C. & et al. (Eds.).  Encyclopedia of Astrobiology.
  • Ohmoto, H., Bevacqua, D.C. & Watanabe, Y.  (2010).  Hydrothermal alteration chemistry of Archean submarine volcanic rocks: evidence for a fully oxygenated atmosphere-ocean system since ~3.5 Ga.  6th Astrobiology Sci. Conference.  League City, TX.
  • Ohmoto, H., Bevacqua, D.C., Johnson, I. & Watanabe, Y.  (2010).  Geochemical cycles of Fe, Mo, U, Cu, Cr, REEs, and S during the period 3.5-3.2 Ga ago.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 74(12S): A774.
  • Otake, T., Lasaga, A.C., Watanabe, Y. & Ohmoto, H.  (2009).  Theoretical investigations of anomalous fractionation of sulfur isotopes during a surface reaction. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.  EOS, 90(52): V11A-1932.
  • Ramsey, L.W., Mahadevan, S., Redman, S., Bender, C., Roy, A., Zonak, S., Sigurdsson, S. & Wolszczan, A.  (2010).  The Pathfinder testbed: exploring techniques for achieving precision radial velocities in the near infrared.
  • Ramsey, L.W., Mahadevan, S., Redman, S., Bender, C., Roy, A., Zonak, S., Sigurdsson, S. & Wolszczan, A.  (SPIE).  The Pathfinder testbed: exploring techniques for achieving precision radial velocities in the near infrared.
  • Richards, M., Shapiro, B., Ditchfield, P. & Cooper, A.  (2010, In Press).  Bison bone collagen isotopic values track climate fluctuations and vegetation change in Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Northern Eurasia and North America.  Geol. J.
  • Schopf, J.W. & Kudryavtsev, A.B.  (2010, In Press).  Confocal laser scanning microscopy and Raman (and fluorescence) spectroscopic imagery of permineralized Cambrian and Neoproterozoic fossils.  In: M. Laflamme, S.D.a.J.S. (Eds.).  Quantifying the Early Evolution of Life: Numerical and Technological Approaches to the Study of Fossils and Ancient Ecosystems.  Amsterdam: Springer.
  • Schopf, J.W.  (2010, In Press).  The fossil record of cyanobacteria.  In: Whitton, B.A. (Eds.).  Ecology of Cyanobacteria II.  Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer.
  • Schopf, J.W., Kudryavtsev, A.B., Tripathi, B. & Czaja, A.D.  (2010, In Press).  Three-dimensional Morphological (CLSM) and Chemical (Raman) Imagery of Cellularly Mineralized Fossils.  In: Bottjer, P.A.A.a.D.J. (Eds.).  Taphonomy: Process and Bias Through Time.  Amsterdam: Springer.
  • Turich, C.H. & Freeman, K.H.  (2010, In Press).  Archaea lipids record transition from marine to hypersaline conditions.  Organic Geochemistry.
  • Watanabe, Y. & Ohmoto, H.  (2009).  Why anomalous S isotope signatures disappeared at 2.4 Ga ago? 19th Goldschmidt Conference, Davos, Switzerland.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(13S): A1420.
  • Watanabe, Y. & Ohmoto, H.  (2010).  Connection between depositional environments and multiple sulfur isotope ratios of sulfides and sulfates in Archean sedimentary rocks.  6th Astrobiology Sci. Conference.  League City, TX.
  • Watanabe, Y., Hoashi, M. & Ohmoto, H.  (2010).  Evidence for the presence of cyanobacteria and thermophylic methanogens in a 3.46 Ga sea, Western Australia [Goldschmidt conference].  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 74(12S): A1116.
  • Yamaguchi, K.E., Kato, Y., Nakamura, K., Suzuki, K., Watanabe, Y., Nedachi, M. & Ohmoto, H.  (2009).  REE+Y geochemistry of the 3.46 Ga Marble Bar Chert recovered by the Archea Biosphere Drilling Project. 19th Goldschmidt Conference, Davos, Switzerland.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(13S): A1469.
  • Zugger, M.E., Kasting, J.F., Williams, D.M., Kane, T.J. & Philbrick, C.R.  (In Press).  Simulated light curves from ocean and Lambertian exoplanets with Rayleigh-scattering atmospheres.  Ap. J.

2010 Teams