A team using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite aboard NASA’s Curiosity rover has made the first detection of nitrogen on the surface of Mars from release during heating of Martian sediments. The nitrogen was detected in the form of nitric oxide, and could be released from the breakdown of nitrates during heating. Nitrates are a class of molecules that contain nitrogen in a form that can be used by living organisms. The discovery adds to the evidence that ancient Mars was habitable for life.

Development of instruments on the Curiosity rover, including Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Chemistry & Mineralogy (CheMin), was supported by the ASTID element of the NASA Astrobiology Program.