In September, 2007, an NAI co-sponsored workshop entitled “Biosignatures in Ancient Rocks” was held in Ontario, Canada. Spearheaded by experts in the field, workshop attendees heard lectures, participated in discussions, and examined field sites toward a greater understanding of early Earth biosignatures, what the remaining major questions and problems are, and how they can be answered and solved. The proceedings from the workshop are available in the current issue of Astrobiology.