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Project Reports

• Chemical Building Blocks

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 11.0 13.0

• Eukaryotic Origins and the Evolution of Cellular Complexity – Eukaryotic rRNA Evolution: Early Diverging Eukaryotes

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 4.0 7.0

• Benner – Self-Reproducing Molecular Systems and Darwinian Chemistry

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 17.0

• Hydrothermal Organic Synthesis

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 3.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 11.0 13.0

• Ellington – Self-Reproducing Molecular Systems and Darwinian Chemistry

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0 4.0 8.0 9.0 16.0

• Ghadiri – Self-Reproducing Molecular Systems and Darwinian Chemistry

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0 9.0 14.0

• Evolution of Atmospheric O2, Climate, and Biosphere – Hiroshi Ohmoto

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 15.0

• Theoretical Studies of Hydrothermal Synthesis Reactions

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 9.0

• The Planetary Context of Biological Evolution: Molecular and Isotopic Approaches to Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 14.0

• Rebek – Self-Reproducing Molecular Systems and Darwinian Chemistry

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0

• Switzer – Self-Reproducing Molecular Systems and Darwinian Chemistry

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 3.0 9.0

• A New Molecular Recognition Instrument for Astrobiological Applications

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 6.0 9.0

• Early Metabolic Pathways

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0

• Genes That Regulate Photosymbiotic Interactions

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 4.0

• Biological Studies of Hydrothermal Systems

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 12.0 14.0

• Molecular Analysis of Microbial Ecosystems in Extreme Enviornments

  Projects continue to revolve around the development and use of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) based molecular methods to survey and study the microbial constituents of ecosystems in extreme environments without the requirement for cultivation of the organisms.

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 10.0

• Microbial Symbionts:agents for Reorganizing Genome Architectures.

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 4.0 5.0

• Evolution of Early Genes and Proteins

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0 4.0

• Properties of the Ribocyte (RNA Cell)

  There are two areas of notable progress this year.

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 3.0 8.0

• Environment of Prebiotic Earth and the Origin of Life: Chemistry of Hydrogen Cyanide

  The role of hydrogen cyanide polymer chemistry in the origin of life has provoked much speculation. In spite of extensive efforts by many groups, a satisfactory understanding of this polymer’s structure and mechanism of formation still eludes us. Our studies involve the synthesis of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) polymers under a variety of conditions and the application of modern powerful analytical methods for structure elucidation

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 1.0 2.0 9.0

• Biochemistry of Archaea and Bacteria: Enzymes of Ancient Metabolic Pathways

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 4.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

• Origin of the Eukaryotic Cell: Implications From Bacterial Tubulin in the Division Verrucomicrobia

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 4.0

• (S. Blair Hedges) Timescale for the Evolution of Life on Earth: Molecular Evolutionary Approach

  ROADMAP OBJECTIVES: 2.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 11.0 12.0 14.0