 
        
        	Photosynthesis is the most important bioenergetic innovation in the history of the biosphere and it engendered Earth’s most marked environmental change: the rise of dioxygen. Photosynthesis dramatically increased global primary production and transformed Earth’s chemical cycles. At the same time, this new photosynthetic source of oxygen brought about tremendous biological change. Oxygen rewrote life’s recipe book, facilitating evolution of the richness we associate with modern biology.
In this talk I will present observations from a range of perspectives including genomes, chemistry, and the ancient sedimentary rock record to illustrate what we can learn about how this process emerged two-and-a-half billion years ago—drawing specifically on the special role of the element manganese in this history.
 Getting Under Europa’s Skin
                    
                    Getting Under Europa’s Skin Tracing Formation and Evolution of Outer Solar System Bodies Through Stable Isotopes and Noble Gas Abundances
                    
                    Tracing Formation and Evolution of Outer Solar System Bodies Through Stable Isotopes and Noble Gas Abundances Xenon: King of the Gases
                    
                    Xenon: King of the Gases When Molecules Matter: Phosphorus and Its Sources on the Early Earth
                    
                    When Molecules Matter: Phosphorus and Its Sources on the Early Earth