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  1. Emergence of Eukaryotes Traced Back to 2.31 Billion Years Ago

    Research Highlights
    July 14, 2017 / Posted by: Miki Huynh
    David Gold with the Summons Lab looked at evidence of sterol biosynthesis and used molecular clock analysis to date the earliest appearance of eukaryotes. Image credit: MIT Image credit: None
    David Gold with the Summons Lab looked at evidence of sterol biosynthesis and used molecular clock analysis to date the earliest appearance of eukaryotes. Image credit: MIT

    David Gold, a member of the NASA Astrobiology Institute at MIT, with researchers at the Summons Lab has published a paper, finding biomarker evidence that suggests eukaryotic organisms were present on Earth as early as 2.31 billion years ago, around the time of the first wide-spread availability of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere.

    The paper, “Paleoproterozoic sterol biosynthesis and the rise of oxygen,” is published in Nature.

    Gold and his team used molecular clock analysis, sifting through DNA databases tracing the evolution of genes for encoding enzymes necessary for sterol biosynthesis, and using the age of fossils to constrain the molecular clock, ran multiple analyses to trace the evolution of sterol biosynthesis back to approximately 2.31 billion years.

    The findings predate the previous oldest detection of sterane biomarkers (around 1.64 billion years ago) and suggest that sterol biosynthesis evolution is tied to emergence of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere.

    A press release detailing the research is available at MIT.

    Source: [Foundations of Complex Life]

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