Content with the tag: “origins of life”
Understand how life emerges from cosmic and planetary precursors. Perform observational, experimental and theoretical investigations to understand the general physical and chemical principles underlying the origins of life.
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A Salt-Free Primordial Soup?
Lipid molecules will spontaneously form layers and vesicles. Credit: Henrik Skov Midtiby
Most scientists who study the origin of life assume that it occurred in the ocean. But a minority view is that ions in seawater may interfere with prebiotic chemistry, making a freshwater environment more likely.“The main argument for a marine origin is that there is so much seawater,” says David Deamer of UC Santa Cruz. Roughly 98% of the Earth’s water bodies are salty, and this percentage was likely much higher 4 billion years ago when we think the first life-forms made their appearance.
But Deamer doesn’t think quantity is a substitute for quality. Seawater, in his estimation,...
Source: [astrobio.net]
January 20, 2012 / Written by: Michael Schirber
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In Search of Virus Fossils
This microscopic image shows a laboratory-grown evaporate crystal, similar to the ones that researchers will study for viral signatures. Credit: Jennifer Kyle
Have viruses been around since life first appeared on Earth? A census of all the current living organisms would show that viruses outnumber everything else 10 to one. Whether this was true long ago is uncertain.To learn about the history of viruses, researchers supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute are exploring whether salt beds and hot springs preserve viral biosignatures. High-silica hydrothermal ecosystems and evaporative brines are known to be good places to search for microbe remains. Could the same be true for viruses?
Source: [astrobio.net]
October 27, 2011 / Written by: Michael Schirber
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Comets May Give Life a Hand
A comet hitting Earth would seem to bring only death and destruction, but one group is studying how such an impact could promote certain necessary chemical steps in the origin of life. The researchers are focusing on how comet collisions might have influenced the molecular orientation, or handedness, of our planet’s biology.
Source: [astrobio.net]
September 24, 2009 / Written by: Michael Schirber
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Alien Safari Part 6: Generations
At the most recent NASA Astrobiology Science Conference, a panel of scientists discussed different types of planets where we might find alien life. In part six of this series, the panelists answer audience questions about the origin and evolution of life elsewhere.
Source: [Astrobiology Magazine]
March 30, 2009 / Posted by: Aaron Gronstal
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Seafloor Microbes Abundant and Thriving....An Alternative Cradle for Life?
Researchers from NAI’s Marine Biological Laboratory Team continue their study of the deep biosphere, reporting the latest results in this week’s Nature. This new study reveals that bacterial communities dwelling on ocean-bottom rocks are more abundant and diverse than previously thought, especially relative to the overlying water column. The microbes appear to “feed” on the oceanic crust through seawater–rock alteration reactions involving the oxidation and hydration of glassy basalt.
Astrobiologists hypothesize that shallow water, not deep water, may have cradled...
May 28, 2008 / Posted by: Daniella Scalice
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Meteorites a Rich Source for Primordial Soup
Scientists from NAI’s Carnegie Institution of Washington Team have a new paper in Meteoritics and Planetary Science detailing their discovery of amino acids in two meteorites at concentrations ten times higher than levels previously measured in other similar meteorites. The result suggests that the early solar system was far richer in the organic building blocks of life than scientists had thought, and that fallout from space may have spiked Earth’s primordial broth. Click here to download the paper.
March 13, 2008 / Posted by: Daniella Scalice
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Biologists Surprised To Find Parochial Bacterial Viruses
Biologists examining ecosystems similar to those that existed on Earth more than 3 billion years ago have made a surprising discovery: Viruses that infect bacteria are sometimes parochial and unrelated to their relatives in other parts of the globe.
Source: [Link]
March 4, 2008 / Posted by: Marco Boldt
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Mars Science Laboratory Shakedown in the High Arctic
Members of the AMASE team (AMASE stands for Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition) last month completed their fourth field season on the Arctic island of Spitsbergen. They went to test out instruments similar to those that will fly on an upcoming mission to Mars, and to perform a field test of a prototype rover, Cliff-bot, that is capable of climbing up and down 80-degree slopes.
Spitsbergen is the largest island in the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago, which lies between the northern tip of Norway and the northern polar ice cap. It is an inviting destination for astrobiology researchers because...
February 1, 2008 / Posted by: Yael Kovo
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NASA Astrobiologists Elected to National Academy of Sciences
Congratulations are due to astrobiologists Donald E. Canfield and Paul G. Falkowski for their election to the distinguished ranks of membership in the National Academy of Sciences.
May 2, 2007 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Biodiversity Rocks the Cover of Nature
The cover of this week’s Nature belongs to Abigail Allwood of the Australian Centre for Astrobiology, one of NAI’s International Partners. She and her colleagues put forward the latest research on the ancient rocks of the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, which points to evidence of life on Earth 3.43 billion years ago. Their description of a shallow marine environment, and identification of seven stromatolite morphotypes makes a strong argument for early life. NAI supported Allwood’s work with a 2005 NAI Research Scholarship.
Source: [Link]
June 7, 2006 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Astrobiology: The Study of the Living Universe
Christopher Chyba and Kevin Hand of the NAI’s SETI Institute Lead Team have just published this article in the Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ARAA). It reviews the habitability of the Galaxy in general and of planets and moons in particular, and summarizes current controversies in origins-of-life research and in evidence for the earliest life on Earth. It critiques certain “rare Earth” and “anthropic” arguments, and considers four approaches to deciding whether intelligent life exists elsewhere in the Galaxy. It concludes that astrobiology must also speak to the future of human civilization.
Source: [Link]
September 27, 2005 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Scientists Find Clues That Life Began in Deep Space
Duplicating the harsh conditions of space in their laboratory, NASA scientists have created primitive cells with membrane-like structures. These chemical compounds may have played a part in the origin of life.
January 30, 2001 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Without Jupiter, Home Alone
The giant planet Jupiter swallows up asteroids and comets, or flings them into space. Without Jupiter, comet and asteroid impacts might have wiped out any life on Earth.
January 29, 2001 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Astrobiologists Find Evidence of Early Life on Land
Scientists with NASA’s Astrobiology Institute have discovered evidence that microbial life emerged on land between 2.6 billion and 2.7 billion years ago, much earlier than previously thought.
January 18, 2001 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Pyruving the Origin of Life
For the origin of life, chemical synthesis of pyruvic acid is a critical step. In a difficult experiment, Carnegie Institute/NAI researchers report that the natural synthesis of such compounds would occur wherever hot ocean vents pass through iron sulfide-containing crust.
December 18, 2000 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Life Under Bombardment
Does Greenland give a clue as to whether life was seeded twice: ‘stock’ cultures surviving one big impact event? Life Under Bombardment looks for the evidence of our terrestrial past.
November 27, 2000 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Leonid Meteors Yield Rich Astrobiology Research Results
In search of meteor showers, an airborne research mission indicates that the chemical precursors to life found in comet dust may well have survived a plunge into early Earth’s atmosphere.
November 27, 2000 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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