Content with the tag: “dna”
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Detecting Our Martian Cousins
Some scientists believe that if life exists on Mars, it could have been delivered there from Earth on interplanetary meteorites. With funding from NASA’s ASTEP program, a team of researchers is now putting together an instrument that could test this theory. The Search for Extraterrestrial Genomes (SETG) project would send an instrument to Mars to search soil or ice samples for the presence of Earth-like DNA. SETG will have its first field test this year.Source: [astrobio.net]
February 15, 2010 / Written by: Michael Schirber
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Replicating RNA
Researchers at the Scripps Research Institute have made important steps toward understanding how life originated by shedding light on the ‘RNA World’ hypothesis. The ‘RNA World’ refers to the idea that life on Earth went through a stage where RNA was used to store information and act as a catalyst, much like DNA and proteins are used in organisms today. A critical component of this stage would be that RNA molecules would have to replicate themselves. The team at Scripps has now synthesized RNA enzymes that can replicate themselves without the help of additional...
Source: [Astrobiology Magazine]
January 16, 2009 / Posted by: Aaron Gronstal
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New World Frogs
A new paper on the evolutionary relationships among New World tropical frogs was published online this week in PNAS. The authors, including members of the NAI Penn State Team, used DNA sequence and molecular clock analyses to further understand the frogs’ origin as more likely by dispersal over water from South America, than via land connections with North and South America.
Source: [Link]
June 7, 2007 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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Microbial Diversity in the Deep Sea
NAI PI of the Marine Biological Laboratory Team, Mitch Sogin, and his team have published a new paper in PNAS documenting astonishing new findings of microbial diversity in the deep sea. The findings are the result of a new DNA technique called “454 tag sequencing.”
Image courtesy of Micro*scope
Source: [Link]
August 1, 2006 / Posted by: Shige Abe
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dissimilatory dissimilatory iron reduction dissolved organic carbon distributed temperature sensor diversity dna dna. dna damage dna sequencing dolomite dolphin doppler spectroscopy dreams drilling drilling on mars dry valley dry valleys dune dust dust activity dust flux dust grains dwarf star dwarf stars dynamical modeling dynamic global vegetation model dynamics dynamics (asteroids) dynamo e. coli ea early animals early atmosphere early atmospheres early earth early earth geochemistry early evolution of life early life early mars early oceans early planetary system evolution early solar system earth earth's early atmosphere earth's early biosphere earth's water earth-like planets earth-moon impact earth-moon system earth and planetary science letters earth and planetary science letters (journal) earth evolution earth formation earthlike planets earthshine earth system east pacific rise eccentricity eclipsing ecogenomics ecosystem model edax ediacara ediacaran education educators 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solar planets extrasolar planets extrasolar planets (detection) extraterrestrial extraterrestrial life extreme conditions extreme environment extreme environments extreme life extremeophile extremeophiles extremephiles extremophiles faint companion farmer fe fe isotopes femo-cofactor femtochemistry femtosecond laser ablation fiction fido field studies fieldwork in april of 1999 in the tinto river located in the huelva district of southwestern spain fingerprint fischer-tropsch catalysis flash flood fluorescence in situ hybridization flux balance analysis focus group folding footprinting formaldehyde formation routes formose forward contamination fossil fossilization fossils fracture frogs fun functional genomics funding fungi fu orionis fuse future of life galaxies galileo galileo extended mission game games ganymede gardening gas gas giants gas phase gcm gene detection gene duplication gene expression gene fusions general genes genetics genome-genome interaction genome evolution 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haughton crater hawaii hawaiian volcanic rocks hawaii team haze h cluster hd 46375 hd 209458 heavy elements helix 65 helix 66 hematite h escape heterotrophic flagellates high-lakes high-magnesium calcite high-pressure minerals high altitude research high angular resolution high contrast highly siderophile elements high ph high school historical science history of astrobiology holmes homochirality honeybee horizontal gene transfer hot spots hot spring hot springs hubble human human exploration human factors human lunar mission human mars mission huygens hvb hydrate hydrocarbons hydrodynamics hydrogen hydrogenase hydrogen metabolism hydrogen peroxide hydrogen sulfide hydrogeology hydrothermal hydrothermal redox pathway hydrothermal vent hydrothermal vent organisms hydrothermal vents hydroxylamine hyperion hypersaline hypersaline ecosystems hypersalinity hyperthermophiles hyperthermophilic ice ice age ice analogs icebite icebreaker ice chemistry iceland ice physics ices ice shell icy moons icy satellites idaho idps igneous rocks image processing impact impact chronology impact crater impact craters impact flux impact glasses impactites impact melt rocks impacts indirect planet detection inelastic scattering information technology infrared infrared astronomy infrared astrophysics infrared imaging infrared spectroscopy injection innovator of the year inorganic inorganic methane in situ analysis in situ life detection instrumentation in situ pump insoluble organic matter instrument instrumentation instruments integrative astrobiology interdisciplinarity interdisciplinary meeting interdisciplinary symposium international space station international year of astronomy interplanetary dust particles interstellar interstellar chemistry interstellar dust interstellar ice interstellar ices interstellar ices. interstellar medium interstellar molecules interviews in vitro evolution in vitro selection io iodp ionizing radiation ion microprobe iron iron -sulfides iron-sulfur clusters iron-sulfur enzymes iron-sulfur minerals iron-sulfur mineral surface iron concentrations iron formation iron isotope fractionation iron isotopes iron oxide iron oxidizers iron oxidizing bacteria iron reducers iron reduction iron reduction kinetics irons-sulfur surfaces iron spectromicroscopy irradation irradiation ir spectroscopy isomerases isotherms isotope isotope fractionation isotope geochemistry isotope ratio isotopes isotopic fractionation isotopic measurments iss issol iya jack hills jakoba incarcerata jakoba libera jakobids jarosite journal:earth journal: journal of geophysical research journal of bacteriology journal of the american chemical society jpl jupiter k-p boundary kamchatka kbo kbo size distribution kelly lake kepler key nutrient metals kuiper belt kuiper belt objects lab-on-a-chip laboratory laboratory investigation laboratory science laguna negra lake lake bonney lake lander lakes lake untersee landsat tm data laser laser ablation laser desorption lassen lassen volcanic national park late accretion late bombardment late heavy bombardment ldn 673 left-handed lefty level of analysis lexen program life life and environment life detection life elsewhere in the universe life in extreme life in our solar system life in the solar system life in the universe life on land life on mars ligase light light environments lightning li isotopes limits of life linda billings lipids liquid liquid chromatography mass spectrometry liquid hydrocarbons lithic clasts lithium lithophiles living in the microbial world: summer teacher enhancement - august 1999 lmt low-mass low-mass stars low albedo deposits lu-hf isotopes lunar-like satellites lunar evolution lunar exploration lunar impacts lunar samples lysis mafic maghemite magma ocean magnesite magnesium magnet magnetic field magnetic fields magnetic fields - stars magnetite magnets main belt asteroids main belt comet main belt comets maine malawimonas jakobiformis maldi-mass spectrometry mantle mantle convection mantle rocks maps marco polo marine marine; pyrosequencing; diversity; bacteria; archaea; eukaryotes marine ecology marine sediments eukaryotes markers mars mars. mars analog mars analog. mars analogs mars analog site mars analogue mars analogues mars atmosphere mars drill mars environmental chamber mars exploration mars express mars glaciers mars global surveyor mars habitability mars life mars maps mars methane mars on earth mars orbiter mars reconnaissance orbiter mars rovers mars sample return mars science laboratory mars time mars water martian analog martian analogues martian atmosphere martian channels martian dynamo martian meteorite martian meteorites martian oceans mass extinction mass extinctions mass spectrometry mathematical modeling maven mbcs mcmurdo dry valleys m dwarf m dwarfs m dwarf stars media membranes mer mercury messenger metabolic chemistry metabolism metabolism first metabolisms metagehomics metagenome metagenomics metal isotope fractionation metal limitation metalloenzyme evolution metals metal sulfides metamorphism metaphysics metazoans meteor meteorite meteorites meteoritic organics meteors meterite meterorites methane methane cycle methane seeps methanococcus methanogen methanogenesis methanogens methanopyrus methodology mexico micro-oxic environment microbes microbial microbial communities microbial community microbial community population structures microbial diversity microbial ecology microbial ecosystem microbial ecosystems microbial evolution microbial evolutionary processes. microbial geochemistry microbialite microbialites microbial life microbial mat microbial mats microbial mineralization microbial organisms microbiolites microbiology microfluidics microgravity microlensing micrometeorites microorganism microorganisms microrna microscopy migration mike russell miller-urey miller-urey experiments mineral biosignature mineral biosignatures mineral catalysis mineral evolution mineralogy minerals miniature mass spectrometer mirs missions mitochondria mixed cation carbonates mixing mo modeling model interface models modern analog modified minerals mojave molecular-level computer simulations molecular beam molecular biology and evolution (journal) molecular cloud molecular clouds molecular evolution molecular fossils molecular hydrogen molecular mechanics molecular orbitals molecular phylogeny molecular spectroscopy molecular weight molecules molecules of life molybdenum molybdenum isotope fractionation monocarboxylic acids mono lake monterey bay montmorillonite moon moon and planets moons moon to mars morocco mrna mro msl msl (mars science laboratory) m star m stars multi-realizable processes multicellularity multiple-planet system murchison music mutualism mycobacterium tuberculosis mysql mssbauer n-body simulations n/a nad nai nai ames team nai arc team nai asu team nai berkeley team nai cal team nai ciw team nai cub team nai gsfc team nai har team nai hawaii team nai iptai team nai mbl team 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novel proteins npr ntiric oxide nucleic acids nucleobases numerical simulations nutrient availability o/oreos obituary observations ocean ocean-bottom ocean/atmosphere oxygenation ocean biogeochemical model ocean crust ocean drilling program ocean models ocean redox oceans odyssey olympus mons ophiolites opportunity optical microscopy optimality orbital evolution orbital light curves oreos organic organic-mineral surface interactions organic extraction organic geochemistry organic molecules organics organic synthesis organic templates origin of animals origin of ion channels origin of life origin of ocean origin of transmembrane proteins origins of life origins of protein function orion nebula-like osmium isotopes osmosis outer solar system outgassing outreach oven ovens oxidation oxidative stress oxides oxidize acetate anaerobicallly oxygen oxygenation oxygenation of the atmosphere oxygenic photosynthesis oxygen isotopes ozone ozone production p-t extinction p-t mass extinction pah 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lander planetary oxidation planetary protection planetary protection. mars sample return planetary science planetary systems: formation planetary systems: protoplanetary disks planetesimals planet formation planet formation. planet detection. planetary dynamics. planet migration planets planets and satellites plankton plant-fungal symbioses plants plasma plasticity plate tectonics plate tectonics. playa pnas podcast polar drilling polar wander poles pollen analysis poly(a)-rna polychaetes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polymerase polyphosphate polysaccharides popularization population genetics porifera poster pre-biotic chemistry pre-cambrian pre-main-sequence pre-main sequence stars prebiotic chemistry prebiotic molecules prebiotic soup precambrian precambrian redox environment precambrian research (journal) pre main-sequence - x-rays preservation pre–main‐sequence primer primordial earth primordial life primordial soup probe proceedings of the national academy of sciences (journal) 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sensing remote sensing database reptiles resurrection ribosomal gene ribosomal rna ribosomal rna phylogeny ribosome ribozyme rio tinto rise of oxygen rna rna display rna world rna world hypothesis robatic robot robotic robotics robots rocky planets rotation rotational lightcurve rover rovers rrna saline salt saltern sam sam (sample analysis at mars) samples satellites saturn scanning electron microscopy science (journal) science fiction scientific american (journal) scorpius-centaurus seafloor seafloor weathering search for life sea surface temperature seawater secondary eclipses secondary structure second genesis second life sediment sediment-buried basement sediments seepage erosion segan medal sensors serpentinization setg shock waves shoemaker short-lived radionucleides short-lived radionuclides siderite signaling signatures of life signs of life silica silicon silicon isotopes silurian sims simulation sinkhole skaftrkatlar lake sleep disruption slime world slime worlds sm-nd small 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