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Seminar Detail
Methane on Mars: Geochemistry or Biology?
Presenter: Michael Mumma ()
March 28, 2005 11:00 AM Pacific
Hydrogen gas dominates the atmospheres of giant planets, ensuring that most
atmospheric carbon there is fully reduced and is present as methane. On the
terrestrial planets, the severe depletion of hydrogen causes most carbon to
be chemically bound with oxygen, so atmospheric carbon is found mainly in
the form of carbon dioxide on Venus, Mars, and Earth. On Earth, the tiny
fraction of atmospheric carbon found as methane is produced almost entirely
biologically with only a very small contribution from abiotic (geochemical)
processes.
On Mars, the photochemical lifetime of methane is very short (~300 years),
and any methane now in its atmosphere must have been released recently. The
methane release rate can be inferred from its atmospheric abundance, and
provides an important quantitative constraint for assessing biogenic vs.
primordial or geothermal origins. For this reason, methane on Mars has been
sought for decades using increasingly sensitive instruments, but has eluded
detection. Recently, three groups have reported independent detections of
methane on Mars.
I will review the current status of these searches and will present evidence
for the detection of strong latitudinal gradients by our team. Such
gradients require intense local sources, and they also require a rapid
destruction mechanism. The lifetime against destruction cannot be much
longer than equator-to-pole transport times imposed by the Hadley
circulation (weeks), and must certainly be far shorter than the
photochemical lifetime. Heterogeneous reactions with oxidants adsorbed on
airborne aerosol grains are a possible explanation. Additional chemical
tests can help to constrain biogenic vs. abiotic production, but measurement
of isotopic variations with sufficient accuracy to test origins will likely
require investigations from orbiting or landed spacecraft.Participation Instructions
Sites who would like to connect via Polycom *MUST* notify Diane Hawks at
dhawks@mail.arc.nasa.gov, at least one hour before the seminar.
The slides from the seminar can be viewed real-time using WebEx at
https://naimeetings.webex.com, click on "Director's Seminar", the password
is 1KFalcon. If you've never joined a WebEx meeting before, please allow an
extra 5-10 minutes to install the plug-in. Explorer is the recommended
browser.
Sites without a Polycom system can listen to the seminar on the telephone
while viewing the slides in WebEx. The NASA Meet-me number for this is
650-604-3393.
Alternatively, participants without a Polycom system can view the webcast
at: http://vanseg-1.arc.nasa.gov/2005/AB050328-01.ram There is a 30 second
delay for the webcast, so viewers will need to advance the slides manually
in WebEx. Questions can be posted in the WebEx chat area to be
answered by Mike and Jim at the end of their talks.December 21, 2007
The Director’s Seminar series features talks from scientists who are invited by the NAI Director to present their research results to the community. A primary goal of the seminars is to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration across NAI teams and within the astrobiology community at large.
Team Overview Seminars describe the work of the fourteen NAI teams and NAI Central. They offer an opportunity to find out more about the science, E/PO and other activities being performed by the NAI teams and the NAI Central office.
The Forum for Astrobiology Research (FAR) provides an opportunity for graduate students to present their research results and to meet as a student community for networking and mutual support.
The University of Washington seminar series is hosted by the NAI Virtual Planetary Lab (VPL) team from the UW campus in Seattle.
