Starke, V., Monaco, L.A., Flores, G. & Steele, A.  (2007).  The use of resequencing microarrays for microbial monitoring for human space exploration [Abstract].  7th International Conference on Mars.  Pasadena, CA. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.

Maule, J., Steele, A., Wainwright, N., Pierson, D. & Ott, M.  (In Press, 2007).  Microbial monitoring by aquanauts in the underwater habitat Aquarius: A comparison of in situ and culture-dependent methods.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Maule, J., Fries, M., Steele, A., Amundsen, H., Wainwright, N., Damon, M. & AMASE, M.  (2007).  Rapid on-site science operations and human-robot interactions at Lunar and Mars analogue sites [Abstract].  Lunar and Planetary Science, 38.

Johnson, B., Chen, C.P., Jenkins, A., Spearing, S., Monaco, L.A., Steele, A. & Flores, G.  (2006).  Two phase flow analysis on filling processes of microfluidic/microarray integrated systems.  In: R.B. Malla, W.K. Binienda & A.K. Maji (Eds.).  Earth & Space 2006: Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments.  Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.

Johnson, B., Chen, C.P., Jenkins, A., Spearing, S., Monaco, L.A., Steele, A. & Flores, G.  (2006).  Transient flow dynamics in optical micro well involving gas bubbles [Abstract].  Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels.

Johnson, B., Chen, C.P., Jenkins, A., Spearing, S., Monaco, L.A., Steele, A. & Flores, G.  (2006).  Transient filling of a micro protein trap chip considering surface effect [Abstract].  36th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference: Technical Papers.

Hall, J.A., Felnagle, E., Fries, M., Spearing, S., Monaco, L. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Evaluation of cell lysis procedures and use of a micro fluidic system for an automated DNA-based cell identification in interplanetary missions.  Planetary and Space Science, 54:1600-1611.

Fristad, K.E., Botta, O., Mahaffy, P.R., Eigenbrode, J., Steele, A. & AMASE, A.  (2007).  Comparing three organic extraction and chemical derivatization methods on five Mars analogue rocks from Svalbard [Abstract].  Lunar and Planetary Science, 38.

Fries, M.D. & Steele, A.  (2007).  Methods of extraterrestrial materials analysis using Raman spectroscopic imaging [Abstract].  Lunar and Planetary Science, 38.

Fries, M.D. & Steele, A.  (2007).  Techniques in Raman imaging analysis of extraterrestrial materials [Abstract].  Geophysical Research Abstracts, 9:11394.

Botta, O., Fristad, K.E., Mahaffy, P.R., Eigenbrode, J. & Steele, A.  (2007).  Dolomite sample from Svalbard, Norway, analyzed using the pyrolysis protocal of the SAM instrument [Abstract].  Lunar and Planetary Science, 38.

Bish, D.L., Blake, D., Sarrazin, P., Treiman, A., Hoehler, T., Hausrath, E.M., Midtkandal, I. & Steele, A.  (2007).  Field XRD/XRF mineral analysis by the MSL CheMin instrument [Abstract].  Lunar and Planetary Science, 38.

Benning, L.G., Villar, S.J., Fogel, M., Steele, A., Edwards, H.H.M. & AMASE, H.H.M.  (2006).  Pigment development in arctic snow adapted microorganisms [Abstract].  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, 70(18S):A46.

Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2007).  Observations from a 4-year contamination study of a sample depth profile through Martian meteorite Nakhla.  Astrobiology, 7:389-401.

Steele, A., Fries, M., Amundsen, H., Mysen, J., Fogel, M., Schweizer, M. & Boctor, N.  (In press, 2007).  A comprehensive imaging and Raman spectroscopy study of ALH84001 and a terrestrial analogue from Svalbard.  Meteoritics & Planetary Science.

Hall, J.A., Schelble, R.T., Maule, J., Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (In Press, 2007).  The potential for viral preservation in the fossil record.  Planetary and Space Science.

Eigenbrode, J., Dworkin, J.P., Fogel, M., Glavin, D.P., Mahaffy, P., Steele, A. & Summons, R.E.  (2007).  Recognizing life from a distance: Organic biosignatures of modern and ancient life [Abstract].  7th International Conference on Mars.  Pasadena, CA. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.

Vicenzi, E.P., Fries, M., Fahey, A., Rost, D., Greenwood, J.P. & Steele, A.  (2007).  Evidence for young jarosite precipitation on Mars [Abstract].  Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 42 (Supplement):A157.

Vicenzi, ..P., Fries, M., Fahey, A., Rost, D., Greenwood, J.P. & Steele, A.  (2007).  Detailed elemental, mineralogical, and isotopic examination of jarosite in Martian meteorite MIL 03346 [Abstract].  Lunar and Planetary Science , 38.

Sandford, S.A., Aléon, J., Alexander, C.M.O'D., Araki, T., Bajt, S., Baratta, G.A., Borg, J., Bradley, J.P., Brownlee, D.E., Brucato, J.R., Burchell, M.J., Busemann, H., Butterworth, A., Clemett, S.J., Cody, G., Colangeli, L., Cooper, G., D'Hendecourt, L., Djouadi, Z., Dworkin, J.P., Ferrini, G., Fleckenstein, H., Flynn, G.J., Franchi, I.A., Fries, M., Gilles, M.K., Glavin, D.P., Gounelle, M., Grossemy, F., Jacobsen, C., Keller, L.P., Kilcoyne, A.L.D., Leitner, J., Matrajt, G., Meibom, A., Mennella, V., Mostefaoui, S., Nittler, L.R., Palumbo, M.E., Papanastassiou, D.A., Robert, F., Rotundi, A., Snead, C.J., Spencer, M.K., Stadermann, F.J., Steele, A., Stephan, T., Tsou, P., Tyliszczak, T., Westphal, A.J., Wirick, S., Wopenka, B., Yabuta, H., Zare, R.N. & Zolensky, M.E.  (2006).  Organics captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft.  Science, 314:1720-1724.

Sandford, S.A., Aléon, J., Alexander, C.M.O'D., Araki, T., Bajt, S., Baratta, G.A., Borg, J., Bradley, J., Brownlee, D.E., Brucato, J.R., Burchell, M.J., Busemann, H., Butterworth, A., Clemett, S.J., Cody, G., Colangeli, L., Cooper, G., D'Hendecourt, L., Djouadi, Z., Dworkin, J.P., Ferrini, G., Fleckenstein, H., Flynn, G.F., Franchi, I.A., Fries, M., Gilles, M.K., Glavin, D.P., Gounelle, M., Grossemy, F., Jacobsen, C., Keller, L.P., Kilcoyne, A.L.D., Leitner, J., Matrajt, G., Meibom, A., Mennella, V., Mostefaoui, S., Nittler, L.R., Palumbo, M.E., Papanastassiou, D.A., Robert, F., Rotundi, A., Snead, C.J., Spencer, M.K., Steele, A., Stephan, T., Tsou, P., Tyliszczak, T., Westphal, A.J., Wirick, S., Wopenka, B., Yabuta, H., Zare, R.N. & Zolensky, M.E.  (2007).  Overview of the results of the organics PET study of the cometary samples returned from Comet Wild 2 by the Stardust mission [Abstract].  Lunar and Planetary Science, 38.

Rotundi, A., Baratta, G.A., Borg, J., Brucato, J.R., Busemann, H., Colangeli, L., d'Hendecourt, L., Djouadi, Z., Ferrini, G., Franchi, I.A., Fries, M., Grossemy, F., Keller, L.P., Mennella, V., Nakamura, K., Nittler, L.R., Palumbo, M.E., Sandford, S.A., Steele, A. & Wopenka, B.  (Submitted, 2007).  Combined micro-IR and micro-Raman analyses of comet 81P/Wild 2 particles collected by Stardust [Abstract].  Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 42 (Supplement):A133.

Rost, D., Vicenzi, E.P., Fries, M. & Steele, A.  (2006).  The nature of the lithium-rich phase found in MIL 03346 mesostasis [Abstract].  Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 41 (Supplement):A153.

Keller, L.P., Bajt, S., Baratta, G.A., Borg, J., Bradley, J.P., Brownlee, D.E., Busemann, H., Brucato, J.R., Burchell, M., Colangeli, L., d'Hendecourt, L., Djouadi, Z., Ferrini, G., Flynn, G., Franchi, I.A., Fries, M., Grady, M.M., Graham, G.A., Grossemy, F., Kearsley, A., Matrajt, G., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Mennella, V., Nittler, L., Palumbo, M.E., Stadermann, F.J., Tsou, P., Rotundi, A., Sandford, S.A., Snead, C., Steele, A., Wooden, D. & Zolensky, M.  (2006).  Infrared spectroscopy of Comet 81P/Wild 2 samples returned by Stardust.  Science, 314:1728-1731.

Fries, M., Rost, D., Vicenzi, E. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Raman imaging analysis of jarosite in MIL 03346 [Abstract].  Workshop on Martian Sulfates as Recorders of Atmospheric-Fluid-Rock Interactions.  Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX.

Brownlee, D., Tsou, P., Aléon, J., Alexander, C.M.O'D., Araki, T., Bajt, S., Baratta, G.A., Bastien, R., Bland, P., Bleuet, P., Borg, J., Bradley, J.P., Brearley, A., Brenker, F., Brennan, S., Bridges, J.C., Browning, N.D., Brucato, J.R., Bullock, E., Burchell, M.J., Busemann, H., Butterworth, A., Chaussidon, M., Cheuvront, A., Chi, M.F., Cintala, M.J., Clark, B.C., Clemett, S.J., Cody, G., Colangeli, L., Cooper, G., Cordier, P., Daghlian, C., Dai, Z.R., D'Hendecourt, L., Djouadi, Z., Dominguez, G., Duxbury, T., Dworkin, J.P., Ebel, D.S., Economou, T.E., Fakra, S., Fairey, S.A.J., Fallon, S., Ferrini, G., Ferroir, T., Fleckenstein, H., Floss, C., Flynn, G., Franchi, I.A., Fries, M., Gainsforth, Z., Gallien, J.-P., Genge, M., Gilles, M.K., Gillet, P., Gilmour, J., Glavin, D.P., Gounelle, M., Grady, M.M., Graham, G.A., Grant, P.G., Green, S.F., Grossemy, F., Grossman, L., Grossman, J.N., Guan, Y., Hagiya, K., Harvey, R., Heck, P., Herzog, G.F., Hoppe, P., Hörz, F., Huth, J., Hutcheon, I.D., Ignatyev, K., Ishii, H., Ito, M., Jacob, D., Jacobsen, C., Jacobsen, S., Jones, S., Joswiak, D., Jurewicz, A., Kearsley, A.T., Keller, L.P., Khodja, H., Kilcoyne, A.L.D., Kissel, J., Krot, A., Langenhorst, F., Lanzirotti, A., Le, L., Leshin, L.A., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, H., Liu, M.-C., Luening, K., Lyon, I., MacPherson, G., Marcus, M.A., Marhas, K., Marty, B., Matrajt, G., McKeegan, K., Meibom, A., Mennella, V., Messenger, K., Messenger, S., Mikouchi, T., Mostefaoui, S., Nakamura, T., Nakano, T., Newville, M., Nittler, L.R., Ohnishi, I., Ohsumi, K., Okudaira, K., Papanastassiou, D.A., Palma, R., Palumbo, M.E., Pepin, R.O., Perkins, D., Perronnet, M., Pianetta, P., Rao, W., Rietmeijer, F.J.M., Robert, F., Rost, D., Rotundi, A., Ryan, R., Sandford, S.A., Schwandt, C.S., See, T.H., Schlutter, D., Sheffield-Parker, J., Simionovici, A., Simon, S., Sitnitsky, I., Snead, C.J., Spencer, M.K., Stadermann, F.J., Steele, A., Stephan, T., Stroud, R., Susini, J., Sutton, S.R., Suzuki, Y., Taheri, M., Taylor, S., Teslich, N., Tomeoka, K., Tomioka, N., Toppani, A., Trigo-Rodríguez, J.M., Troadec, D., Tsuchiyama, A., Tuzzolino, A.J., Tyliszczak, T., Uesugi, K., Velbel, M., Vellenga, J., Vicenzi, E., Vincze, L., Warren, J., Weber, I., Weisberg, M., Westphal, A.J., Wirick, S., Wooden, D., Wopenka, B., Wozniakiewicz, P., Wright, I., Yabuta, H., Yano, H., Young, E.D., Zare, R.N., Zega, T., Ziegler, K., Zimmerman, L., Zinner, E. & Zolensky, M.  (2006).  Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope.  Science, 314:1711-1716.

Beaty, D., Buxbaum, K., Meyer, M., Barlow, N., Boynton, W., Clark, B., Deming, J., Doran, P.T., Edgett, K., Hancock, S., Head, J., Hecht, M., Hipkin, V., Kieft, T., Mancinelli, R., McDonald, E., McKay, C., Mellon, M., Newsom, H., Ori, G., Paige, D., Schuerger, A.C., Sogin, M., Spry, J.A., Steele, A., Tanaka, K. & Voytek, M.  (2006).  Findings of the Mars Special Regions Science Analysis Group.  Astrobiology, 6:677-732.

Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Astrobiotechnology: Alternative concepts for astrobiology solar system exploration.  In: R.B. Hoover, A. Rozanov & R. Paepe (Eds.).  Perspectives in Astrobiology (pp. 187-195).  Washington, DC: IOS Press.

Toporski, J., Maule, J. & Steele, A.  (2006).  How lively are volcanic hot spring environments? In situ field analysis in Kamchatka, Russia [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:209.

Steele, A., Schweizer, M.K., Starke, V., Fries, M.D., Eigenbrode, J., Benning, L. & Amundsen, H.E.F.  (2006).  In situ contamination monitoring of sterile sampling and coring procedures in the Arctic [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:209.

Steele, A., Fries, M., Amundsen, H.E.F., Mysen, B., Schweizer, M. & Boctor, N.  (2006).  A comprehensive imaging and Raman spectroscopy study of ALH84001 and a terrestrial analogue from Svalbard [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.

Steele, A., Fries, M., Amundsen, H.E.F., Mysen, B., Fogel, M., Boctor, N. & Schweizer, M.  (2006).  A comprehensive imaging and Raman spectroscopy study of ALH84001 and a terrestrial analogue from Svalbard [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:168.

Starke, V., Maule, J., Monaco, L., Flores, G. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Microarray technology for space exploration [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  Houston, TX.

Starke, V., Maule, J., Monaco, L., Flores, G., Kong, K.A., Mittmann, M., Goldberg, M.J., Yamamoto, M. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Microarray design for microbial monitoring and space exploration [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:205.

Maule, J., Steele, A., Wainwright, N., Pierson, D. & Ott, M.  (In Press, 2006).  Microbial monitoring by aquanauts in the underwater habitat Aquarius: A comparison of in situ and culture-dependent methods.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Maule, J., Steele, A., Burbank, D., Eppler, D., Kosmo, J., Ross, A., Wainwright, N., Child, A., Flores, G., Monaco, L., Graziosi, D. & Splawn, K.  (2006).  Monitoring forward contamination during simulated surface extra-vehicular activity (EVA) at Meteor crater, Arizona: Implications for human exploration of the Moon and Mars [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:275.

Martin, R., Maule, J., Monaco, L., Jenkins, A., Prasher, D., Wainwright, N. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Antibody microarrays for real-time monitoring of microbial environment and astronaut health [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:211-212.

Martin, R., Maule, J., Monaco, L., Flores, G., Mayer, D., Gouldie, E. & Steele, A.  (2006).  A hypothetical simple user interface (SUI) to provide non-experts with a translation of microarray data [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:278-279.

Avci, R., Schweitzer, M., Boyd, R., Wittmeyer, J., Steele, A., Toporski, J., Beech, I., Teran Arce, F., Spangler, B., Cole, K. & McKay, D.S.  (In Press, 2006).  Antibody-antigen interactions on collagen as a model system for application to AFM to the search for extraterrestrial life.  Langmuir.

Amundsen, H.E.F., Fogel, M., Steele, A., Benning, L., Jamtveit, B., Fries, M., Mysen, B. & AMASE, B.  (2006).  Cryogenic origin for Mars analog carbonate deposits from NW Spitsbergen [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:194-195.

Schweizer, M.K., Wooller, M.J., Toporski, J., Fogel, M.F. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Examination of an Oligocene lacustrine ecosystem using C and N stable isotopes.  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 230:335-351.

Schweizer, M.K., Steele, A., Toporski, J. & Fogel, M.  (Submitted, 2006).  Stable isotopic evidence for fossil food webs in Eocene Lake Messel.  Paleobiology.

Schweizer, M.K., Steele, A., Fries, M.D. & Chen, J.  (2006).  Taphonomy of Doushantuo animal embryos as determined by confocal Raman imaging [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:240.

Schweizer, M.K., Fries, M., Steele, A. & Chen, J.  (2006).  Folded organic carbon membranes in phosphatized Neoproterozoic animal embryos: Biogenic or abiogenic? [Abstract].  Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 87, Spring Meeting Supplement.

Schelble, R.T., Hall, J.A., van der Linde, G.P.L., Nealson, K.H. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Experimental and field investigations in search of biosignatures in early proterozoic manganese deposits [Abstract].  Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 37(7):517.

Lindsay, J.F., Brasier, M.D., McLoughlin, N., Green, O.R., Fogel, M., Steele, A. & Mertzman, S.A.  (2005).  The problem of deep carbon -- An Archean paradox.  Precambrian Research, 143:1-22.

Hall, J.A., Schelble, R.T., Maule, J., Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (Submitted, 2006).  The potential for viral preservation in the fossil record.  Planetary and Space Science.

Fries, M.D., Eigenbrode, J., Fogel, M.L., Schweizer, M., Steele, A. & AMASE Team, A.  (2006).  Confocal Raman imaging and biomarker analysis of Murchison Fjord stromatolites [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:245.

Fries, M., Cody, G., Fogel, M., Harvey, R., Jull, A.J.T., Nittler, L.R., Rost, D., Steele, A., Toporski, J., Vicenzi, E. & Wainwright, N.  (2005).  Contamination in meteorites stored since 1977 - Preliminary results of Antarctic Meteorite Contamination Study (AMCS) [Abstract].  Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 40:A51.

Eigenbrode, J., Steele, A., Schweizer, M., Fries, M., Fogel, M.L., Starke, V., Amundsen, H.E.F. & Team, A.  (2006).  Biosignatures of arctic endolithic organisms from different rock types [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:220.

Brasier, M.D., Green, O.R., Lindsay, J.F., McLoughlin, N., Steele, A. & Stoakes, C.  (2005).  Critical testing of Earth's oldest putative fossil assemblage from the ~3.5 Ga Apex chert, Chinaman Creek, Western Australia.  Precambrian Research, 140:55-102.

Boctor, N.Z., Fries, M., Steele, A., Fogel, M. & Hall, J.  (2006).  The Witwatersrand gold-uranium deposit, South Africa: Mineralogy and Raman spectroscopy [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:268.

Benning, L.G., Villar, S.J., Stibal, M., Fogel, M., Steele, A. & Edwards, H.G.M.  (2006).  AMASE [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:110.

Amundsen, H.E.F., Steele, A., Cody, G., Fogel, M., Kihle, J., Schweizer, M. & AMASE, M.  (2006).  Organic material and microbial activity in Mars analog carbonate deposits from NW Spitsbergen [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:132.

Steele, A. & Baross, J.A.  (2006).  Are prions relevant to astrobiology? [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:284.

Hazen, R.M., Steele, A., Maule, J., Martin, R. & Vicenzi, E.  (2006).  Applications of microarray technology to the study of mineral-molecule interactions [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:223.

Lindsay, J.F., Brasier, M.D., McLoughlin, N., Green, O.R., Fogel, M., Steele, A. & Mertzman, S.A.  (2005).  The problem of deep carbon: An Archean paradox.  Precambr. Res., 143:1-22.

Rost, D., Vicenzi, E.P., Fries, M. & Steele, A.  (In Press, 2006).  The nature of the lithium-rich phase found in Mil 03346 mesostatis.  Meteoritics & Planetary Science.

Fries, M., Steele, A. & Ruzicka, A.  (2005).  Carbon and mineral phase distribution on a CV3 dark inclusion boundary - A confocal Raman imaging study [Abstract].  Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 40:A52.

Fries, M., Steele, A. & McCoy, T.  (2005).  Carbon and mineral phase distribution in intergrain spaces and inclusions within chondrules [Abstract].  Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 40:A52.

Fries, M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Characterization of meteorites, interplanetary dust and other extraterrestrial materials by confocal Raman imaging [Abstract].  Microscopy and Microanalysis, 11 (Supplement S02):1398-1399.

Fries, M., Mysen, B., Vicenzi, E., Rost, D. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Hydrated phosphates in Nakhlite MIL 03346 [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  Houston, TX.

Fries, M., Butterworth, A., Snead, C. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Complementary STXM and confocal Raman imaging of Murchison CM2 particle embedded in sulfur [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  Houston, TX.

Boctor, N.Z., Fries, M., Alexander, C.M.O'D. & Steele, A.  (2006).  Petrology of Dom 03182 and Dom 03183 CM2 carbonaceous chondrites [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 6:236.

Amundsen, H.E.F., Steele, A., Fogel, M., Mysen, B., Kihle, J., Schweizer, M., Toporski, J. & Treiman, A.H.  (2004).  Life in a Mars analog: Microbial activity associated with carbonate-cemented lava breccias from Spitsbergen [Abstract].  Astrobiology Science Conference 2004 Abstracts.  International Journal of Astrobiology, Supplement 1 (DOI:10:1017/S147355004001648):117.

Toporski, J., Steele, A., McKay, D.S., Westall, F., Avci, R., Schweizer, M., Pincus, S. & Parro Garcia, V.  (In Press, 2005).  New strategies for life detection and their implication for astrobiological research and Solar System exploration.  In: L.M. Celniker & J. Tran Thanh Van (Eds.).  Recontres de Blois, 2000, Limits of Life.

Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (In Press, 2005).  Astrobiotechnology - New approaches to solar system exploration.  In: R. Hoover, R. Paepe & A. Rozanov (Eds.).  Proceedings of the NATO ASI Perspectives in Astrobiology, Chania, Crete.  Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press.

Toporski, J., Ostertag-Henning, C., Eigenbrode, J., Cody, G.D. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Biomarkers in bacterial fossils: New lessons in bacterial preservation [Abstract].  http://www.meeting.edu.cn/meet1/dhrc.html.

Toporski, J., Ostertag-Henning, C., Eigenbrode, C., Cody, G.D. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Biomarkers in bacterial fossils: Observations from the 25 million years old Enspel Formation [Abstract].  http://www.meeting.edu.cn/meet1/dhrc.html.

Steele, A., Baross, J., Rummel, J. & Schopf, W.  (In Press, 2005).  The biological considerations of Mars sample return.  NASA Special Publication.

Steele, A.  (2005).  Modular Assays for Solar System Exploration (MASSE).  An overview on behalf of the MASSE team [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):303.

Maule, J., Toporski, J., Wainwright, N. & Steele, A.  (2005).  An integrated system for labeling and detection of biological molecules in Mars analog regolith using an antibody microarray [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 36th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  Houston, TX.

Maule, J., Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Labeling and detection of biological molecules in Mars analog regolith using an antibody microarray [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):289-290.

Maule, J., Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Antibody microarray analysis of microbial samples in Spitsbergen and Kamchatka [Abstract].  http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2005/.

Maule, J., Steele, A., Wainwright, N., Pierson, D. & Ott, M.  (In Press, 2005).  Microbial monitoring by aquanauts in the underwater habitat Aquarius: A comparison of in situ and culture-dependent methods.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Maule, J., Hazen, R.M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Use of microarray techniques to probe interactions between organic molecules and mineral surfaces [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):224.

Beaty, D. & Steele, A.  (2005).  A Mars mission concept to look for signs of life [Abstract].  http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2005/.

Beaty, D. & Steele, A.  (2005).  A Mars mission concept to look for signs of life [Abstract].  http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2005/.

Avci, R., Schweitzer, M., Boyd, R.D., Wittmeyer, J., Steele, A., Toporski, J., Beech, I., Teran Arce, F., Spangler, B., Cole, K.M. & McKay, D.S.  (2004).  Comparison of antibody-antigen interactions on collagen measured by conventional immunological techniques and atomic force microscopy.  Langmuir, 20:11053-11063.

Avci, R., Schweitzer, M., Boyd, R., Wittmeyer, J., Steele, A., Toporski, J., Beech, I., Teran Arce, F., Spendlar, B., Cloe, K. & McKay, D.S.  (In Press, 2005).  Antibody-antigen interactions on collagen as a model system for application to AFM to the search for extraterrestrial life.  Chemical Physics, Physical Chemistry.

Amundsen, H. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition 05 season - A summary.  http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2005/.

Amundsen, H. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition 05 season - A summary.  http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2005/.

Amundsen, H. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Arctic Mars Analogue Svalbard Expedition 05 season - A summary [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):318-319.

Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2004).  From microbial fossils to astrobiology.  In: J. Seckbach (Ed.).  Origins: Genesis, Evolution, and Diversity of Life (pp. 593-605).  Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2004).  Evidence of biological activities in a depth profile through Martian meteorite Nakhla [Abstract].  Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 39(Supplement):A106.

Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2004).  Characterization of purified biomarker compounds using time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS).  Organic Geochemistry, 35:793-811.

Toporski, J., Maule, J. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Astrobiological site assessment using in-field instrumentation for the detection and characterization of biomarkers in hot springs environments, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):297.

Steele, A., Amundsen, H.E.F., Fries, M., Vicenzi, E.P., Benning, L., Maule, J., Mysen, B., Toporski, J., Schweizer, M. & Fogel, M.  (2005).  A morphological and chemical study of carbonate globules contained within mantle xenoliths of the Sverrefjell volcano, Spitsbergen - Implications for ALH84001 [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 36th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  Houston, TX.

Steele, A., Amundsen, H., Fries, M., Treiman, A., Fogel, M., Vicenzi, E.P., Maule, J., Toporski, J., Schweizer, M. & Mysen, B.  (2005).  A morphological and chemical study of carbonate globules contained within mantle xenoliths of the Sverrefjell volcano, Spitsbergen [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):319.

Schweizer, M.K., Wooller, M.J., Toporski, J., Fogel, M.F. & Steele, A.  (In Press, 2005).  Examination of an Oligocene lacustrine ecosystem using C and N isotopes.  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.

Schweizer, M., Toporski, J., Fogel, M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Investigation of organic-rich fossil material from Eocene Lake Messel, Germany using C and N stable isotopes [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):295.

Schweizer, M., Toporski, J., Fogel, M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Reconstruction of an Oligocene lacustrine ecosystem from Enspel, Germany using C and N stable isotopes [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):294.

Schweizer, M., Fries, M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Morphology of Rhynie Chert carbonaceous inclusions as characterized using confocal Raman imaging [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):295.

Schelble, R.T., Hall, J.A., Steele, A. & Nealson, K.H.  (2005).  The degradation of microorganisms exposed to Mn(II) and SiO2 solutions: Implications for the preservation of biosignatures in manganiferous deposits [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):294.

Maule, J., Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Antibody microarray analysis in the field to analyze protein expression at hydrothermal sites in Spitsbergen and Kamchatka [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):290.

Maule, J., Fogel, M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Detection of human and bovine collagen in early Holocene bone and teeth using an antibody microarray [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):289.

Hall, J.A., Schelble, R.T., Maule, J., Toporski, J. & Steele, A.  (Submitted, 2005).  The potential for viral preservation in the fossil record.  Planetary and Space Science.

Vicenzi, E.P., Rost, D., Emerson, D., Fries, M., Steele, A. & Megonigal, J.P.  (2005).  A microchemical study of iron oxidizing bacterial mats from differing surface environments [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):270.

Wang, P.-L., Rumble, D., Ono, S., Scott, J. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Multiple sulfur isotope fractionation of microbial sulfate reduction [Abstract].  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (10S, Special Supplement):A451.

Busemann, H., Alexander, C.M.O'D., Fries, M., Nittler, L. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Towards a better characterization of extraterrestrial organic matter with micro-Raman spectroscopy [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5:220.

Toporski, J., Fries, M., Steele, A., Nittler, L. & Kress, M.  (2004).  Sweeping the skies: Stardust and the origin of our Solar System.  GIT Imaging & Microscopy, 04/2004:38-40.

Busemann, H., Alexander, C.M.O'D., Fries, M., Nittler, L. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Scanning micro-Raman spectroscopy on carbon-rich residues of primitive chondrites: A tool for chondrite classification and Stardust analysis [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 36th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  Houston, TX.

Fries, M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Inclusions within chondrule mineral grains as characterized using confocal Raman imaging [Abstract].  Abstracts of Papers, 36th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.  Houston, TX.

Fries, M., Nittler, L., Steele, A. & Toporski, J.  (2004).  IDP carbon and mineral phase characterization by high resolution confocal Raman imaging [Abstract].  Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 39(Supplement):A42.

Fries, M. & Steele, A.  (2005).  Carbonaceous inclusions in meteorite chondrules as characterized using confocal Raman imaging [Abstract].  Astrobiology, 5(2):221.

Steele, A., Bearman, G., Lynch, K., Toporski, J., Maule, J. & Hazen, R.  (2002).  Astro-biotechnology [Abstract: NASA Astrobiology Institute General Meeting 2003].  Astrobiology, 2(4): 516.

Parro, V., Briones, C., Steele, A., Toporski, J., McKay, D., Maule, J., Schweitzer, M., Hedgecock, J. & Pincus, S.  (2002).  Biosensor development for astrobiology [Abstract].  NATO Advanced Studies Institute, Perspectives in Astrobiology, September 29 - October 8, Chania, Crete,

Lynch, K., Steele, A., Mahmood, M.F., Hedgecock, J., Wainwright, N., Toporski, J., Maule, J.G., McKay, D. & Howard, C.  (2002).  Microfluidics for astrobiotechnology [Abstract: NASA Astrobiology Institute General Meeting 2003].  Astrobiology, 2(4): 618.

Toporski, J., Steele, A., McKay, D.S., Westall, F., Avci, R., Schweitzer, M., Pincus, S. & Parro Garcia, V.  (In Press, 2003).  New strategies for life detection and their implication for astrobiological research and Solar System exploration.  In:  L.M. Celniker & J. Tran Thanh Van (Eds.).  Recontres de Blois, 2000, Limits of Life.

Steele, A. & Toporski, J.  (2002).  Astrobiotechnology.  In:  H. Sawaya-Lacoste (Ed.).  Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology, Graz, Austria, Special Publication SP-518.  Noordwijk, The Netherlands: European Space Agency.

Steele, A., Baross, J., Rummel, J. & Schopf, W.  (Submitted, 2002).  The biological considerations of Mars sample return.  NASA Special Publication.

Maule, J., Fogel, M., Steele, A. & McKay, D.  (In Press, 2003).  Antibody-antigen interactions during altered gravity: Implications for immunosorbent assay during spaceflight.  Journal of Gravitational Physiology.